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Spain

Spain(ES)

Germany

Russian Federation(RU)

Republic of Moldova(MD)

Bailiwick of Guernsey(GG)

Faroe Islands (Dan)

Faroe Islands(FO)

Isle of Man (English)

The Vatican City State(VA)

Svalbard (Norway)

Svalbard and Jan Mayen(SJ)

Overview of European countries (for reference only)
Northern Europe

The capital of Denmark: Copenhagen

Capital of Iceland: Reykjavik

Capital of Finland: Helsinki

The capital of Sweden: Stockholm

Capital of Norway: Oslo

Western Europe

British capital: London	French capital: Paris	Dutch capital: Amsterdam	The capital of Belgium: Brussels
Luxembourg Capital: Luxembourg City	The capital of Monaco: Monaco	Capital of Ireland: Dublin

Central Europe

German capital: Berlin	Swiss capital: Bern	Capital of Austria: Vienna	The capital of Hungary: Budapest
Capital of Poland: Warsaw	Czech capital: Prague	The capital of Liechtenstein: Vaduz	Capital of Slovakia: Bratislava

Southern Europe

Capital of Italy: Rome	Capital of Spain: Madrid	Capital of Portugal: Lisbon	The capital of Greece: Athens	The capital of the Vatican: Vatican City
The capital of Romania: Bucharest	Capital of Bulgaria: Sofia	Croatian capital: Zagreb	Capital of Slovenia: Ljubljana	The capital of Serbia: Belgrade
Capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina: Sarajevo	Capital of Montenegro: Podgorica	Capital of North Macedonia: Skopje	The capital of Andorra: Andorra la Vella	Capital of Albania: Tirana
Capital of Malta: Valletta	The capital of San Marino: San Marino

Eastern Europe

Capital of Russia: Moscow	The capital of Belarus: Minsk	Capital of Ukraine: Kiev	Capital of Lithuania: Vilnius
·The capital of Estonia: Tallinn	Capital of Moldova: Chisinau	Capital of Latvia: Riga

Overseas territories

Denmark: Greenland
France: Clipperton Island, French Guiana, French Polynesia, French Southern and Antarctic Territories (Amsterdam Island, São Paulo Island, Corotet Islands, Kerguelen Islands, Adliland, French The Indian Ocean islands include the Indian Reef, Europa Island, Glory Islands, New Juan Island, Tromlin Island), Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, New Caledonia, Reunion, St. Bartholomew, Saint Martin, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Wallis and Futuna.
Netherlands: Aruba, Netherlands Antilles (Ponnech, Curaçao, Saba, Saint Martin, Saint Eustatius). Norway: Bouvet Island, Peter I Island, Queen Maud Land. Portugal: Azores, Madeira. Spain: Canary Islands, Spanish sovereignty (Ceuta, Melilla). United Kingdom: Anguilla, Ascension, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands, Montserrat, St. Helena, Tristan, Da Cunha, Turks With Caicos Islands, British Antarctic Territory, British Indian Ocean Territory, Pitcairn Islands, South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands. Europe, the full name "Europe" (Europe), the name is derived from the Greek mythological character "Europa" (Greek: Ευρώπης), Europe is located in the northwest of the Eastern Hemisphere, north of the Arctic Ocean, west of the Atlantic Ocean, south of the Atlantic Ocean. And the Black Sea. The continent extends to the Polar Ural Mountains (66°10′E, 67°46′N) in the east, to Marokie Cape in the south (5 degrees 36 minutes west longitude, 36 degrees north latitude), and west to Cape Roca (9°31′W) , 38°47'N), north to Nuoerchen angle (27°42'E, 71°08'N). Europe ranks sixth in the world with a population density of 70 people/km². It is the third most populous continent in the world, second only to Asia and Africa. Over 99% of the population is white, which is relatively single. Europe is one of the continents with a higher standard of human living, higher environmental and human development indexes, and a livable continent.

Europe is bounded by the Ural Mountains and the Ural River to the east, the Caspian Sea, the Greater Caucasus Mountains and the Black Sea to the southeast, and Asia; the Atlantic Ocean, the Greenland Sea, and the Danish Strait to the west face North America, the Arctic Sea to the north, and the Mediterranean Sea to Africa to the south. (The dividing line is: the Strait of Gibraltar).
The northernmost point in Europe is Cape Nordchen in Norway, the southernmost point is Cape Marokie in Spain, and the westernmost point is Cape Roca in Portugal. Europe is the second smallest continent and continent in the world, only slightly larger than Oceania. It is collectively called the Eurasian continent with Asia, and is collectively called the Eurasian continent with Asia and Africa.
Origin of the name
The full name of Europe is Europa, and the English name is Europe. There are some legends about the origin of the name Europe. In Greek mythology, Demeter is a goddess who specializes in farming. She blesses the world with abundance of grains and prosperity for humans and animals. In portraits of this goddess, people always paint her as sitting on the back of a bull. In ancient times, the bull was an indispensable farm animal for mankind. Since the goddess was in charge of farming, she naturally had to sit on the bull's back. The other name of this goddess is Europa. People call Europa the name of the continent out of respect for the goddess. In addition, there is a widely circulated legend: "King of all gods" Zeus took a fancy to Europa, the beautiful daughter of the Phoenician king, and wanted to marry her as his wife, but he was afraid that she would disagree. One day, Europa was playing on the seashore accompanied by a group of girls. After Zeus saw it, he quickly turned into a strong and docile bull and came to Europa. When Europa saw this lovely bull lying beside him, he stepped on the back of the bull. When Zeus saw Europa's strategy, he immediately stood up and moved forward, avoiding the crowd, and then soared into the air, then jumped into the sea and broke through the waves, bringing Europa to a distant piece of land to live together.
Location Horizon
Europe is located to the west of Asia and is part of the Eurasian continent. Its north, west, and south sides are respectively bordered by the Arctic Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Black Sea. The east and southeast are adjacent to Asia, just like a large peninsula protruding westward from the Eurasian continent.
Most of Europe is located in the northern temperate zone. It is the farthest from the equator among the settled continents in the world. It is not tropical.
The locations of the four poles in Europe are: North Ural (66°10' East longitude) in the east; Cape Roca (9°31' West longitude) on the westernmost Iberian Peninsula; the northernmost Scandinavia Cape Noorchen (71°8' north latitude) on the upper reaches; Cape Marokie (36° north latitude) on the southernmost Iberian Peninsula.
From the perspective of land and sea, Europe faces the Atlantic Ocean, backs on the hinterland of Asia, and is located on the west coast of the mainland. The west coast of the continent at mid-latitudes belongs to the westerly zone in the atmospheric circulation system. Therefore, most parts of Europe are blew by the westerly wind all year round, and the climate everywhere is deeply influenced by the Atlantic Ocean.
Fragmentation of horizontal contours is a distinctive feature of European physical geography. More than 13 of the total area belong to peninsulas and islands, of which peninsulas account for 27% of the continent's area, which is unique among all continents in the world.

Terrain
The average height of the terrain in Europe is 340 meters. The terrain is dominated by plains, with a series of mountains standing in the south, collectively called the Alps. Among them, Mont Blanc is 4807 meters above sea level. Mont Blanc belongs to France and has become the highest peak in Western Europe. Europe has a dense river network and abundant water volume. The longest river is the Volga, which is 3,690 kilometers long. The second largest river is the Danube, with a total length of 2,850 kilometers. It is the largest river in the world that flows through countries. The coastline of Europe is very tortuous, with many peninsulas, islands, bays and inland seas. Scandinavia in Northern Europe is the largest peninsula in Europe. Europe is the only continent with a permanent population that does not have a tropical climate. At the same time, the cold zone climate occupies a small area, so the climate is mild and the precipitation is more evenly distributed.

The terrain of Europe has many unique characteristics. The highest point is Mount Elbrus in the Greater Caucasus Mountains, with a height of 5642 meters.
First of all, Europe is the lowest continent in the world, with an average height of only 340 meters. Plains below 200 meters in height account for about 60% of the total area of the continent, and the proportion of plains is second to none among all continents. The European plain stretches from the Atlantic coast in the west to the Ural foothills in the east, stretching for thousands of kilometers without interruption, forming a large plain that traverses Europe. European mountains occupy a small area, and there are fewer mountains. High mountains above 2000 meters above sea level account for only 2% of the total area of the continent.
Second, the terrain of Europe can generally be divided into two parts, east and west, from the east coast of the Baltic Sea to the west coast of the Black Sea: the east is dominated by plains and the topography is relatively simple, and the west is where mountains and plains intersect each other and the topography is more complex. The distribution of topography is closely related to the foundation of geological structure.

Third, during the Quaternary Ice Age, there were two large glacier centers in Europe. One was the continental glacier center in Scandinavia and the other was the mountain glacier center in the Alps. The former had a great influence on Europe. Because of its role, the northern half of Europe is covered with glacial landforms.
Western Europe is relatively flat and plain; Northern Europe has Scandinavian mountains; Central Europe has Alps with lower temperatures; Southern Europe has Carpathians (Balkans), Apennines (Apennines) and Pyrenees Mountains (Iberian Peninsula); Europe has four major peninsulas (Iberia; Apennines; Balkans; Scandinavia) and three plains (Eastern Europe, Pod, Western Europe) with warmer temperatures than the same latitude. Mainly affected by the warm North Atlantic current.
1. The general characteristics of the terrain: mainly plains, glacial landforms are widely distributed, and mountains and ridges gather in the south.
2. Topographical area composition: plateaus, hills and mountains above 200 meters above sea level account for about 40% of the continent's area, and plains below 200 meters above sea level account for 60%.
3. Features of mountain distribution: The Alps lie in the south, the Scandinavian mountains are relatively gentle, and the coasts are steeper fjords deep inland.
4. The characteristics of the distribution of rivers: the river network is relatively dense, how short and with plenty of water, many rivers are connected by canals.
Hydrology
The major rivers that flow through several countries in Europe are the Rhine, Danube, Elbe, and Oder. In addition, the main rivers include the Seine, Loire, Garonne in France, the Wowa, Dnieper, Ural in Russia, the Thames in the United Kingdom, and the Po in Italy.
In addition to rivers, there are many lakes in Europe. Among them, the eroded lake left by the glacier makes Finland known as the country of a thousand lakes.

Climate
Most of Europe has a temperate maritime climate, but there are also Mediterranean climates, temperate continental climates, polar climates and plateau mountain climates. Among them, the temperate maritime climate is the most typical. Europe is the sixth largest continent in the world by area, with an area of 10.17 million square kilometers [6].
The climate in most parts of Europe is characterized by mild and humid. Most of them are located in the temperate zone, which is the continent with the widest marine climate distribution in the world. Due to the vast plains, the humid westerly wind blowing from the Atlantic Ocean can penetrate deep into the inland, and the influence of the North Atlantic warm current makes the entire coastal area of Western Europe very humid. The European continent transitions from a maritime climate to a continental climate from west to east.

Europe is located in the middle and high latitudes, with the sea to the west. The coastline is jagged by the action of sea water, and the ocean is the main reason for climate control. Affected by the ocean, Europe has a mild climate, abundant rainfall, high relative humidity and cloudy weather. This phenomenon includes the inland areas north of the Alps.
In the east of the European continent, the rainfall is low, the relative humidity is low, and the sky is clear. This climatic phenomenon extends to the vast foothills where Europe and Asia meet. These influences are distributed along the north-south range and pass through Norway, Denmark, and Germany. The seasons of mobility in the mountains south of the Alps are dominated by the subtropical high pressure system. Therefore, the rainfall in this area varies significantly with the seasons, with rainy winters and dry summers.
The highest temperature in summer is in the Mediterranean region. The average temperature in July is 27°C in Athens, 25°C in Granada, Spain, and 23.5°C in Turin, Italy. The average summer temperature gradually decreases towards the north and coastal areas, and the average temperature in Tromso and Valdo in Norway in July is about 11°C and 9°C. In winter, the temperature gradually drops from the southwest to the northeast of Europe. Therefore, the average temperature in Lisbon in Portugal in January is 10.5℃, while the average temperature in Aganzhe in the Soviet Union in the same month is -14.5℃. The average temperature in winter along the Atlantic Ocean is quite high. Winter along the Arctic Circle is not colder than New York City. Rainfall is mostly concentrated in the Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts, and the islands on the northwest coast also receive a lot of rainfall, such as the British Isles. The rainfall on the northwest coast is more than 2,000 mm, and the rainfall gradually decreases toward the Black Sea in the southeast.

Home > European ZIP Code Administrative regions

Overview of European countries (for reference only)Northern Europe

Overseas territories

Overview of European countries (for reference only)
Northern Europe